Participant holding a smartphone displaying text while writing notes on paper during a business simulation exercise.

Leadership self-reflection cards

Twenty-four cards of questions to reflect on before, during and after a team activity, one card at a time.

Before

Before the activity starts: what you are walking into, and what you want out of it.

  1. My challenge

    Smooth seas do not make skilful sailors.

    African proverb
    • What is the main purpose/goal of the activity?
    • Have I identified any ambiguities in these?
    • Anything I urgently need to do or fix here?
  2. My team

    Great things in business are never done by one person; they're done by a team of people.

    Steve Jobs
    • Who specifically are my team for this activity?
    • Who else, outside this team, can help me achieve my objectives?
    • Anything I urgently need to do or fix here?
  3. My accountability

    Accountability is the glue that ties commitment to results.

    Bob Proctor
    • Specifically, what are my team counting on me for?
    • Specifically, what am I counting on each of my team colleagues for?
    • Anything I urgently need to do or fix here?
  4. My preparation

    If you find yourself in a fair fight then you did not do your battle planning properly.

    British Army
    • What prep. have I undertaken to help me succeed in this activity?
    • Is there work I could quickly do now which would increase my odds of success?
    • Anything I urgently need to do or fix here?
  5. My objective

    If you don’t know where you are going, any road will take you there!

    The Cheshire Cat (Alice in Wonderland)
    • What is my personal objective for this activity?
    • How will I know if I have achieved my objective?
    • Anything I urgently need to do or fix here?
  6. My expectations

    If you expect nothing then you won’t be disappointed.

    Anonymous
    • What do I want to learn about the business topic?
    • What do I want to learn about team?
    • What do I want to learn about my leadership style?
  7. My investment

    Do one thing every day that scares you.

    Eleanor Roosevelt
    • What will I do to maximise my learning?
    • What risks am I prepared to take?
    • Where am I prepared to flex my style?
  8. My strategy and plan

    I keep six honest serving-men, they taught me all I knew; Their names are What and Why and When and How and Where and Who.

    Rudyard Kipling
    • What are the most likely challenges I might encounter?
    • What key principles will guide my decision-making?
    • Anything I urgently need to do or fix here?

During

While the activity is running: a pause to check how it is actually going.

  1. My attitude

    How do you nurture a positive attitude when all the statistics say you're a dead man? You go to work.

    Patrick Swayze
    • What is my attitude / mood with regard to this?
    • Am I in the right frame of mind to achieve maximum benefit?
    • Anything I urgently need to do or fix here?
  2. My attention

    Concentrate all your thoughts upon the work at hand. The sun’s rays do not burn until brought to a focus.

    Alexander Graham Bell
    • Have I the right level of focus which I can bring to this?
    • Is there anything distracting me from fully engaging?
    • Anything I urgently need to do or fix here?
  3. My outcomes

    The first step towards getting somewhere is to decide that you are not going to stay where you are.

    J.P. Morgan
    • How are your outcomes comparing with your expectations?
    • Where your outcomes are lower what do you need do differently?
    • Where outcomes are higher how can you fully exploit this opportunity?
  4. My learning

    It ain't what you don't know that gets you into trouble. It's what you know for sure that just ain't so.

    Mark Twain
    • Where might you be operating with insufficient knowledge to succeed?
    • Where might you be operating on the basis of faulty or out-dated knowledge?
    • Anything I urgently need to do or fix here?
  5. My collaboration

    None of us is as good as all of us.

    Ray Kroc
    • Who could help me to be more successful here?
    • Who could use my help?
    • Anything I urgently need to do or fix here?
  6. My execution

    No battle plan survives first contact with the enemy.

    Helmuth von Moltke the Elder
    • How closely am I following my strategy/plan?
    • How might I need to revise my strategy/plan?
    • Anything I urgently need to do or fix here?
  7. My hindsight

    Life can only be understood backwards; but it must be lived forwards.

    Søren Kierkegaard
    • If I could go back and start again what would I do differently?
    • What do I want to do differently moving forward from here?
    • Anything I urgently need to do or fix here?
  8. My value

    We learn 5% of what we need to succeed in our jobs from training and 95% from our colleagues.

    Dr Jay Cross
    • Where am I adding value to my team?
    • Where could I be more useful to the team?
    • How do I know how my team value my contribution?

After

Afterwards: turning what happened into something you will do differently at work.

  1. My insights

    A moment's insight is sometimes worth a life's experience.

    Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr
    • What new insights have I gained from this?
    • In which areas have I revised my understanding (unlearning)?
    • Anything I urgently need to do or fix here?
  2. My application

    It’s not about being the best, it’s about being better than you were yesterday.

    Anonymous
    • In concrete terms how can I apply my learning insights in my job?
    • Can I identify 3 practical things I could do differently using these insights?
    • Anything I urgently need to do or fix here?
  3. My change

    To improve is to change. To be perfect is to change often.

    Winston Churchill
    • What are main barriers which would stop me applying these insights in work?
    • What help would be useful and who could provide this help?
    • Anything I urgently need to do or fix here?
  4. My performance

    An ounce of performance is worth pounds of promises.

    Mae West
    • If I successfully apply my new learning to my job what difference would it make?
    • How would this difference show up in the KPIs used to assess my performance?
    • Anything I urgently need to do or fix here?
  5. My teamwork

    Bad team meetings take minutes and waste hours.

    Ken Blanchard
    • What have I learned about effective team leadership?
    • What have I learned about effective team membership?
    • What have I learned about what makes a team fail?
  6. My execution

    However beautiful the strategy, you should occasionally look at the results.

    Winston Churchill
    • In what areas was my personal strategy/plan most effective?
    • In what areas was my personal strategy/plan least effective?
    • What have I learned about my personal skills in executing a strategy/plan?
  7. My style

    He who knows others is wise. He who knows himself is enlightened.

    Lao Tzu
    • What did I learn about myself in this activity?
    • How might I improve the way I interact with others?
    • What help with my leadership style do I need going forward?
  8. My relationships

    Rapport is the bridge between two people. Build it as strong as possible before you drive your ten tonne truck across it.

    Anonymous
    • Where did I benefit from strong relationships in this activity?
    • Where would I have benefited from building more rapport?
    • What have I learned about the social/relational aspect of teams?

What is in the deck

Learning during an activity is mostly a matter of stopping to ask yourself the right question at the right moment. Each of these 24 cards pairs a quotation with three questions to reflect on. Take them in order, or shuffle the deck and see what comes up.

The deck divides into three stages of eight.

Before

Before the activity starts: what you are walking into, and what you want out of it.

  • My challenge, my team, my accountability, and my preparation
  • My objective, my expectations, my investment, and my strategy and plan

During

While the activity is running: a pause to check how it is actually going.

  • My attitude, my attention, my outcomes, and my learning
  • My collaboration, my execution, my hindsight, and my value

After

Afterwards: turning what happened into something you will do differently at work.

  • My insights, my application, my change, and my performance
  • My teamwork, my execution, my style, and my relationships

Why one card at a time

Most self-reflection in a learning session happens at a few fixed points, usually at the end of a round or at the close of the day. That is better than nothing, but it asks people to reconstruct what they were thinking rather than notice it as it happens.

Presenting one card at a time is deliberate. A single question, answered in the moment, produces a more honest answer than a list of 10 handed out at the end, and it lets participants go beyond the set reflection periods whenever something is worth examining.

Using the cards in a session

Hand out a 'before' card while people are settling, pause the activity partway through for a 'during' card, and close with an 'after' card. Individuals can also work through the deck on their own, which is a good use of the time immediately after a difficult meeting.

The deck is read only, nothing is recorded, and nothing is sent anywhere, so participants can be candid with themselves. Self-reflection is one of the most valuable parts of any group learning session, and it is usually the first thing cut when time runs short.

Talk to us about designing reflection into your learning programmes